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原文传递 Beyond Standard Zonal Congestion Pricing: A Detailed Impact Analysis

题名：	Beyond Standard Zonal Congestion Pricing: A Detailed Impact Analysis
其他题名：	AEA Technology Environment.2005."Damages per tonne emission of PM2.5,NH3,SO2,NOx and VOCs from each EU25 member state and surrounding seas."Accessed May 2018.https://www.scribd.com/document/59851359/Damages-Per-Tonne-Emission-of-Cafe-cba-externalities.
正文语种：	英文
作者：	Omid M. Rouhani
关键词：	Optimal road use;Congestion pricing;Emissions;Spillover effects;Temporally variable tolling
摘要：	This study formulates three fundamental extensions of the standard optimal road use analysis: (1) considering fuel and emissions as variable costs, (2) maximizing the social welfare inside and outside the congestion zone simultaneously, and (3) accounting for time-of-day travel demand variations. Using Fresno, California, as case study, I found several interesting results. (1) Although emissions costs are small relative to other variable travel costs, their impacts on the analysis are significant, especially during off-peak periods; for example, in the case study doubling emissions costs triples the optimal (although relatively small) welfare gain from a congestion charge. (2) Without spillover effects consideration, the analysis overestimates the optimal toll rate significantly and can even lead to a total social welfare loss, relative to no-charge conditions. (3) Policymakers should avoid applying a flat daily charge, which can even reduce system performance in off-peak hours.
出版年：	2018
论文唯一标识：	P-72Y2018V144N09012
英文栏目名称：	TECHNICAL PAPERS
doi：	10.1061/JTEPBS.0000151
期刊名称：	Journal of Transportation Engineering
拼音刊名(出版物代码)：	P-72
卷：	144
期：	09
页码：	98-110