摘要: |
In this work, a new smooth model for uniaxial concrete behavior that combines plasticity and damage considerations, together with unsymmetrical hysteresis for tension compression and nonlinear unloading, is presented. Softening and stiffness degradation phenomena are handled through a scalar damage-driving variable, which is a function of total strain. Smoothening of the incremental damage behavior is achieved, following similar steps as for Bouc-Wen modeling of classical plasticity, thus exploiting their common mathematical structure. The uniaxial model for concrete, together with the standard steel model exhibiting kinematic hardening, are employed to derive a fiber beam-coliimn elemethat is used to assemble the numerical model of frame structures. Following the displacement-based approach, the solution of the entire system is established using a stan dard Newton-Raphson numerical scheme, which in corporates the evolution equations of all fibers elevated at the section, element, and structural level in the inner loop. Numerical results that compare well with existing experimental data are presented, demonstrating the accuracy and efficacy of the proposed formulation. DOI: 10.106l/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001365. © 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. |