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原文传递 CLEANER ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR FLEETS: AN OVERVIEW.

题名：	CLEANER ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR FLEETS: AN OVERVIEW.
作者：	Anderson-JF
关键词：	CLEAN-AIR-ACT-AMENDMENTS-1990; ENERGY-POLICY-ACT-1992; FLEETS-; ALTERNATIVE-FUELS; EMISSIONS-; COMPLIANCE-; CLEAN-FUEL-FLEET-VEHICLES; REPLACEMENTS-
摘要：	The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) and the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPact) require conversion to alternative fuels of vehicle fleets in cities with populations greater than 250,000. CAAA and EPact have similar provisions but different requirements. CAAA does not require a specific fuel type but mandates that specific emission levels be met to comply with the regulation's provisions and possibly earn extra emission reduction credits as clean fuel fleet vehicles (CFFVs). Key aspects that will facilitate compliance are tax deductions under EPact and marketable emissions reduction credits under CAAA. Fleets were emphasized by Congress because they have a better refueling and maintenance infrastructure, more frequent vehicle turnover, and greater yearly mileage accumulation. CAAA applies to nonattainment areas classified as serious, severe, and extreme. Private and government fleets of 10 or more vehicles capable of being centrally fueled are affected by the program. The program is based on fleet owners purchasing a prescribed percentage of new fleet purchases as CFFVs, which meet lower emission standards. Under CAAA the phase-in period is a purchase rate of 30% in 1998, 50% in 1999, and 70% in 2000 and thereafter for light-duty vehicles. Heavy-duty vehicles remain at the 50% level beginning in 1998. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that more than 40,000 private and government fleets will be affected by the CAAA fleets program. EPact, which is administered and enforced by the Department of Energy (DOE), applies to all cities with a population of 250,000 or greater, regardless of air quality nonattainment status. This doubles the number of fleets covered. State fleets are required to be phased in to the program with 10% of their purchases in 1996 and 15% in 1997. The difference here is that affected fleets must have more than 20 vehicles. At its discretion, DOE may apply EPact to private fleets. Congress directed EPA to exempt qualifying fleet CFFVs, which are called inherently low-emission vehicles, from certain transportation control measures that are time-of-day or week based, such as the ability to use high occupancy vehicle lanes. A state that has a banking and trading program and a low-emission vehicle program would more easily administer and enforce a clean fuel fleet vehicle program.
总页数：	Transportation Research Record. 1995. (1472) pp17-25 (4 Tab.)
报告类型：	科技报告