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原文传递 KEY HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH NEEDS IN INTELLIGENT VEHICLE-HIGHWAY SYSTEM CRASH AVOIDANCE.

题名：	KEY HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH NEEDS IN INTELLIGENT VEHICLE-HIGHWAY SYSTEM CRASH AVOIDANCE.
作者：	Tijerina-L
关键词：	INTELLIGENT-VEHICLE-HIGHWAY-SYSTEMS; COLLISION-AVOIDANCE-SYSTEMS; HUMAN-FACTORS; RESEARCH-NEEDS; DRIVER/VEHICLE-INTERACTION; DRIVER-BEHAVIOR; ACCEPTABILITY-; DRIVER-REACTION-TIME; FALSE-ALARMS; ATTENTION-; EXPECTATION-; VIOLATIONS-; INTEGRATED-SYSTEMS
摘要：	The Intelligent Vehicle-Highway System (IVHS) program attempts to enhance surface transportation safety, efficiency, and comfort by applying advanced technologies, including information processing, communications, control, and electronics. One goal of IVHS is to reduce the number of crashes as well as the severities of crashes that do occur. Crash avoidance systems (CASs) are therefore a focus of research in the IVHS program and related programs abroad (e.g., DRIVE and PROMETHEUS). An important step in CAS research and development is to understand the sizes of various crash problems and their etiologies. This provides the necessary background for the development of CAS concepts. It is equally important to understand the time and distance budgets required and available for crash avoidance to assess the role that the driver might play. An IVHS program sponsored by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (VNTSC) and the Office of Crash Avoidance Research of NHTSA pursues this important step. A brief synopsis of key findings from the VNTSC crash problem studies is provided, and key research needs in the area of human factors are addressed. The issues are organized in terms of driver-CAS interface issues, driver response to CAS activation, the secondary effects of CASs on safety, and comprehensive crash avoidance. The topics discussed include the need to understand driver behavior, the impact of novel displays on driver acceptance, the use of graded alarms, driver reliability and reaction time, the effects (both positive and negative) of CAS false alarms on drivers, the feasibility of drivers taking evasive maneuvers, decreased driver attention to the driving task, increased hazard exposure on the roadway, change in driver behavior with the presence of CASs, expectancy violations, and the design of an integrated CAS.
总页数：	Transportation Research Record. 1995. (1485) pp1-9 (4 Fig., 1 Tab., 36 Ref.)
报告类型：	科技报告