原文传递
COMPARISON OF ASPHALT EXTRACTION PROCEDURES: IMPLICATIONS OF HIDDEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIABILITY COSTS.
| 题名： | COMPARISON OF ASPHALT EXTRACTION PROCEDURES: IMPLICATIONS OF HIDDEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIABILITY COSTS. |
| 作者： | Behrens-ML; Dvorak-BI; Woldt-WE |
| 关键词： | ASPHALT-; CAPITAL-COSTS; COST-COMPARISON; COSTS-; DIRECT-COSTS; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACTS; EXTRACTION-MATERIALS; FUZZY-SETS; HEALTH-; LEAST-OVERALL-COST; OPERATING-COSTS; OVENS-; SAFETY-; SOLVENTS-; TRICHLOROETHYLENE- |
| 摘要： | In the past, asphalt extractions were performed using toxic solvents; alternative, less polluting methods have been developed that can replace the traditional solvent extraction method. Accordingly, five potential asphalt extraction methods were compared for the Nebraska Department of Roads Bituminous Laboratory: solvent extraction using trichloroethylene (TCE), solvent extraction using an alternative solvent, solvent extraction using TCE and a solvent recovering reclaimer, ignition oven, and an ignition oven and solvent combination. To compare the total cost of each option, the direct capital costs, operating and maintenance costs, as well as the hidden environmental, health, and safety costs were considered. Because the hidden costs can be difficult to quantify, a total cost assessment approach was used. To represent the uncertainties in the cost and design data, fuzzy set theory was used. A traditional economic analysis, including only the capital, and operating and maintenance costs, found that the three least-cost options were the ignition oven (most environmentally friendly option), ignition oven with solvents, and solvent reclaimer. However, when the hidden costs related to the environmental, health, and safety aspects for an asphalt extraction procedure were incorporated into the cost analysis, the cost comparison changed significantly; the most environmentally friendly option, ignition oven, was shown to be by far the least-cost option. Accordingly, the quantification of environmental, health, and safety costs that are difficult to assess is very important when evaluating environmentally friendly processes. |
| 总页数： | Transportation Research Record. 1999. (1661) pp46-53 (5 Fig., 3 Tab., 10 Ref.) |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
相关文献
- INTRODUCING EVIDENCE OF CONTAMINATION AND OFFSETTING COST OF REMEDIATION IN DETERMINING FAIR MARKET VELUE FOR EMINENT DOMAIN AWARDS: A REVIEW OF INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ACQUISITION LAW.
- City of Phildelphia: Light emitting diodes for traffic signal displays
- Maritime Transportation: Major Oil Spills Occur Infrequently, but Risks to the Federal Oil Spill Fund Remain.
- STRATEGIES TO MINIMIZE LIABILITY UNDER FEDERAL AND STATE ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS.
- Liability and Regulation of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies.
- Liability of Design-Builders for Design, Construction, and Acquisition Claims. National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Legal Research Digest 68.
检索历史
应用推荐
