详情

原文传递 MAKING TRANSIT WORK: INSIGHT FROM WESTERN EUROPE, CANADA, AND THE UNITED STATES.

题名：	MAKING TRANSIT WORK: INSIGHT FROM WESTERN EUROPE, CANADA, AND THE UNITED STATES.
关键词：	Automobile-travel; Canada-; Cities-; Demographics-; Economic-conditions; Land-use; Public-policy; Public-transit; Ridership-; United-States; Urban-areas; Urban-development; Western-Europe
摘要：	This report was prepared for policy makers searching for ways to boost public transit use in U.S. urban areas and wishing to know what can be learned from the experiences of Canada and Western Europe. With few exceptions, public transit has a more prominent role in Canada and Western Europe than in the United States. This is true not only in large cities, but also in many smaller communities and throughout entire metropolitan areas. Transit is used for about 10% of urban trips in Western Europe, compared with about 2% in the U.S. Canadians use public transit about twice as much as Americans, although there is considerable variation across Canada, just as there is in Western Europe and the U.S. This report describes the differences in public transit use among U.S., Canadian and Western European cities; identifies those factors, from urban form to automobile usage, that have contributed to these differences; and offers hypotheses about the reasons for these differences--from historical, demographic, and economic conditions to specific public policies, such as automobile taxation and urban land use regulation. Chapter 1 provides an introduction. In Chapter 2, international trends in transit ridership, automobile use, and urban development are compared. In Chapter 3, descriptions are given of a number of policies and practices that have been directly supportive of transit in Europe and Canada, enhancing transit quality, reliability, and availability. The discussion then turns to other, broader policies that have been complementary to transit, including high taxes on automobiles and motor fuel. The chapter concludes by comparing the extent to which urban land use and transportation infrastructure are coordinated in Western Europe, Canada, and the U.S. The external factors and conditions that have spurred transit use and the many transit-supportive policies found abroad are examined in Chapter 4. Differences in political institutions, public attitudes, and economic and social trends, among other factors, are discussed. The main findings of the report are summarized in Chapter 5. Opportunities for applying the successes of Canada and Western Europe in the U.S. to enhance the use and availability of public transit are indicated.
总页数：	Transportation Research Board Special Report. 2001. (257) pp184 (Phots., Figs., Tabs., Refs., 1 App.)
报告类型：	科技报告