详情

原文传递 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION COORDINATION.

题名：	INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION COORDINATION.
作者：	Nault-BR
关键词：	INTERMODAL-TRANSPORTATION; FREIGHT-TRANSPORTATION; TRANSPORTATION-POLICY; OPTIONS-; INFORMATION-TECHNOLOGY; COORDINATION-; CUSTOMER-SERVICE; RELIABILITY-; COST-SAVING; MICROECONOMICS-; ELECTRONIC-DATA-INTERCHANGE; EFFICIENCY-
摘要：	In intermodal transport, an information transfer between carriers and possibly a terminal or port must occur before the physical transfer can be done. That is, the receiving carrier, and possibly the operator of the transfer point, must be able to view information about the shipment before it is able to move the shipment onward. The ability to share information between these parties and to view information about the shipment while the shipment is in transit is critical to improving the coordination of freight transportation. Visibility is also the key to effective customer service. The objective of this paper is to determine what types of communications and information technology (IT) applications are needed to enhance the service and reliability of freight transportation. The focus is on how IT applications can be used by different actors involved in freight transportation to fulfill their coordination roles. The basic principle followed is that, in addition to supporting the operational aspects, each actor has expertise in one or more essential roles, and IT can be used to provide incentives for the performance of those roles. Thus, IT is not only valuable for support but also for coordination. Examples of successful use of IT in freight transportation are presented first. Next, estimates of the potential savings that straightforward applications of IT to transportation can have on freight transportation expenditures are discussed, and the microeconomic basis for these benefits is explained. How future gains from IT are likely to come from the coordination of transportation and the supply chain is examined, and the information components needed for this coordination are described. The type of organization and network arrangements needed to support transport for the supply chain is studied, and the state of the most extensive IT initiative, electronic data interchange (EDI), is discussed. Finally, ways in which government policy can be modified to increase efficiency in the transportation sector are suggested.
总页数：	Transportation Research Board Special Report. 1998. (252) pp234-257 (Refs.)
报告类型：	科技报告