详情

原文传递 INTEGRATION OF LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT INTO CITY STREETS.

题名：	INTEGRATION OF LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT INTO CITY STREETS.
作者：	Korve-HW; Farran-JI; Mansel-DM; Levinson-HS; Chira-Chavala-T; Ragland-DR
关键词：	LIGHT-RAIL-TRANSIT; CITY-STREETS; SAFETY-; PROBLEM-IDENTIFICATION; PROBLEM-SOLVING; ALIGNMENTS-; TRAFFIC-CONTROL-DEVICES; ACCIDENT-DATA; DATA-ANALYSIS; CONFLICTS-; MOTOR-VEHICLES; PEDESTRIANS-; TRAFFIC-ENGINEERING; MEASURES-OF-EFFECTIVENESS; RECOMMENDATIONS-; GUIDELINES-; DESIGN-; RETROFITTING-; MANUAL-ON-UNIFORM-TRAFFIC-CONTROL-DEVICES; GRADE-CROSSINGS
摘要：	This report documents and presents the results of a study to improve the safety of light rail transit (LRT) operations in shared rights-of-way where LRT operates on, adjacent to, or across city streets at low to moderate speeds (35 mph or less). Safety problems and potential solutions were identified through a literature review, field observations, videotapes, and structured interviews with ten LRT properties in the U.S. and Canada. From the system surveys, an alignment classification scheme was developed, and an inventory of traffic control devices was compiled. Accident data were analyzed to examine where, how, and why conflicts between light rail vehicles, motor vehicles, and pedestrians arise. These conflicts were then correlated with traffic control and design features as well as the different types of operating environments. Measures of effectiveness were also identified, and methodologies for evaluating the effectiveness of traffic engineering treatments for LRT were developed. The principal findings of the study are recommendations and guidelines that should be considered in the design, retrofit, and extension of LRT systems: 1) LRT system design should respect and adapt to the existing urban environment (unless a specific urban design change is desired); 2) LRT system design should comply with motorist and pedestrian expectancy; 3) decisions by motorists and pedestrians who interact with LRT should be kept as simple as possible; 4) traffic control devices related to LRT operations should clearly communicate the level of risk associated with the LRT system environment; and 5) LRT system design should provide recovery opportunities for erratic motor vehicle and pedestrian movements. A major product of this research consists of recommended changes and additions to the "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices" (New Part X, Light Rail-Highway Grade Crossings). Part X contains a set of uniform traffic control devices for LRT operations in shared rights-of-way and incorporates the above guidelines. This study suggests potential human factors research into two specific traffic control devices: 1) control of left turns across median LRT alignments where LRVs travel parallel to motor vehicle traffic, and 2) establishing an LRV activated, internally illuminated SECOND TRAIN - LOOK LEFT/RIGHT warning sign for pedestrian crossings of two or more tracks. This research would focus on determining whether the devices: 1) communicate the intended message in a brief period of time; 2) trigger the intended behavioral response; 3) are clearly distinguishable from other signs and signals in the environment; 4) communicate the level of risk if the device is disregarded; and 5) are effective for people oc600
总页数：	TCRP Report. 1996. (17) pp276 (Phots., Figs., Tabs., Refs., 7 App.)
报告类型：	科技报告