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原文传递 TRANSPORTATION CONFORMITY AND DEMAND MANAGEMENT: VITAL STRATEGIES FOR CLEAN AIR ATTAINMENT.

题名：	TRANSPORTATION CONFORMITY AND DEMAND MANAGEMENT: VITAL STRATEGIES FOR CLEAN AIR ATTAINMENT.
作者：	Replogle-M
关键词：	CLEAN-AIR-ACT-AMENDMENTS-1990; TRANSPORTATION-PLANNING; TRANSPORTATION-POLICY; METROPOLITAN-AREAS; AIR-QUALITY-ATTAINMENT; STRATEGIES-; TRAVEL-DEMAND-MANAGEMENT; ACCESSIBILITY-; MARKET-FORCES; SUBSIDIES-; GROWTH-MANAGEMENT; PEDESTRIAN-FACILITIES; BICYCLES-; RAILROAD-COMMUTER-SERVICE; BUS-SERVICES; TAXI-SERVICES; PARATRANSIT-SERVICES; TELECOMMUNICATIONS-; AIR-POLLUTION-ABATEMENT; TRANSPORTATION-CONFORMITY; GOVERNMENT-REGULATIONS; TRANSPORTATION-DEMAND-MANAGEMENT; TRANSPORTATION-CONTROL-MEASURES
摘要：	This report discusses key issues related to the effect of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 on transportation planning and policy in American metropolitan areas. The transportation conformity provisions of this Act were intended to ensure that transportation system investments and policies contribute to healthful air quality attainment. This will require significant changes in the strategies used by most states and local governments to reduce mobile source air pollution emissions. Strategies which speed up traffic by expanding capacity may lead to short term improvements in air quality, but typically contribute to long term air quality degradation by stimulating suburban sprawl and increased automobile travel. A new strategic focus is needed to ensure long term attainment and maintenance of healthful air quality. This will emphasize travel demand management to limit growth in vehicle miles of travel and number of automobile trips, increasing accessibility rather than mobility, and enhancing the freedom of Americans to meet their daily activity needs without forced dependence on the automobile. This report discusses demand management strategies which can enable state and local governments to meet the requirements of the Clean Air Act and ensure both productive and more livable communities. By eliminating hidden subsidies to the automobile, putting motor vehicle use on a "pay-as-you-go" principle, and applying advanced information technologies such as "smart cards" for automated toll and parking fee collection, market forces can be reintroduced into transportation to ensure more efficient consumer choice and infrastructure financing. Similarly, growth of housing and employment can be steered into more efficient patterns by eliminating hidden subsidies which encourage sprawl and by state and regional coordination of growth management to meet air quality and other goals. Combined with efforts to create more pedestrian and bicycle friendly communities, strategic investment in rail and bus services on reserved rights-of-way to connect suburban centers to each other, removal of regulatory barriers which limit taxi and other paratransit services, and the substitution of communications and information systems for transportation where feasible, major reductions in travel demand and emissions can be achieved in coming years. Together these demand management strategies could produce reductions in mobile source emissions on the order of 2.5% or more a year between now and 2010, meeting Clean Air Act conformity requirements. However, this will require adoption of a strong transportation conformity regulation consistent with the Clean Air Act, and the exercise of leadership at the federal, state, and local level to implement new strategies for transportation policy and planning.
总页数：	1993/04/30. pp131 (Figs., Tabs., 75 Ref., 1 App.)
报告类型：	科技报告