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原文传递 OLDER VEHICLES AND AIR POLLUTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE 1995 NPTS.

题名：	OLDER VEHICLES AND AIR POLLUTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE 1995 NPTS.
作者：	Dill-J
关键词：	Accelerated-vehicle-retirement-programs; Age-; Air-pollution; Households-; Impact-studies; Motor-vehicles; Nationwide-Personal-Transportation-Survey; Travel-patterns; Travel-surveys
摘要：	Data from the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) may help answer some of the questions concerning older vehicles and air pollution. In particular, this paper describes the households that own older vehicles and how they use them. Vehicles built before 1981, when tailpipe standards were made particularly more stringent, are of particular concern. Describing who owns older vehicles helps answer two related questions: (1) Who are the potential participants in voluntary accelerated vehicle retirement (VAVR) programs? VAVR programs, as currently designed, may only attract a segment of older vehicle owners. Alternative programs, such as repair programs, might attract other segments. In addition, household characteristics help determine how old vehicles are replaced. (2) Who might be impacted by VAVR programs? If VAVR programs or other policy responses reduce the supply of inexpensive older vehicles or used parts, who might be impacted? Mandatory programs and disincentive policies, such as increased registration fees for older vehicles, though not under serious consideration now, could increase impacts on some households. Describing how older vehicles are driven also provides insight to the impacts of programs on various households. Vehicle use data could also be used to answer two additional questions: (1) How much do older vehicles contribute to air pollutant emissions? Current estimates are generally based on overall vehicle miles traveled (VMT). However, the number and length of trips, the time between trips, and the time of day of the trip can influence emissions and pollution levels. If these factors differ between older and newer vehicles, current emissions estimates may be too high or too low. (2) How effective are VAVR programs? One of the key questions in assessing the impact of VAVR programs (or other policy options) is how would the vehicle be driven if it was not retired. If we assume that current driving patterns for a particular household vehicle are a fairly accurate indicator of driving patterns in the near future (e.g., the next three years), travel survey data can help answer this question. This paper serves as a starting point to answer these questions using the 1995 NPTS dataset.
总页数：	Conference Title: Personal Travel: The Long and Short of It. Location: Washington, D.C. Sponsored by: Transportation Research Board Committee on Travel Survey Methods (A1D10) and Committee on National Transportation Data Requirements and Programs (A5016)
报告类型：	科技报告