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QUESTION FORMULATION AND INSTRUMENT DESIGN.
| 题名： | QUESTION FORMULATION AND INSTRUMENT DESIGN. |
| 作者： | Meyburg-AH; Metcalf-HMA |
| 关键词： | Data-quality; Guidelines-; Manuals-; Methodology-; Questionnaires-; Recommendations-; State-of-the-practice; Travel-surveys; Workshops- |
| 摘要： | Common sense should dictate in large part the design of survey instruments, once a decision about the appropriate survey procedure has been made. And it should also dominate the issue of question formulation. Nowhere in the whole travel survey methodology is it more true that the development of travel surveys resembles an art rather than a science. This workshop resource paper focuses on the issue of question formulation and survey instrument design. No standardized procedures for question formulation and survey instrument design have been developed, nor is it likely that they will be developed in the near future, given the variety of survey objectives, client expectations, social, cultural, and language environments, etc. At best, guidelines that reflect lots of empirical evidence can be put together to provide practical guidance to the travel survey designer. One example of an extensive set of guidelines is presented in Richardson, Ampt, and Meyburg (Survey Methods for Transport Planning, Eucalyptus Press, Melbourne, Australia, 1995). Another example is the 1996 Travel Survey Manual, prepared by Cambridge Systematics, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Transportation (July 1996). Other treatments can be found in more specialized contexts. The most recent U.S. example is being developed by the National Opinion Research Corporation (at the University of Chicago), in the context of nonresponse issues. This paper has three main objectives: first, it examines some theoretical and methodological elements of the social science literature on data quality, as it relates to questionnaire formulation and survey design; second, the paper provides discussions of practical aspects of question formulation and survey design; and third, it develops a set of succinct state-of-the-practice recommendations for improved question formulation and survey design. |
| 总页数： | Conference Title: Transport Surveys: Raising the Standard. Location: Grainau, Germany. Sponsored by: Ministry of Transport, Transport Research Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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