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原文传递 PLANNING FOR A NEW TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTER: EL NINO PHENOMENON BRINGS INNOVATIVE APPROACHES.

题名：	PLANNING FOR A NEW TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTER: EL NINO PHENOMENON BRINGS INNOVATIVE APPROACHES.
作者：	Cagle-J; Waddoups-A
关键词：	DISASTER-PREPAREDNESS; PLANNING-; EL-NINO; STORMS-; CALIFORNIA-; FEDERAL-HIGHWAY-ADMINISTRATION; EMERGENCY-RESPONSE; HIGHWAY-SYSTEMS; FLOODING-; LANDSLIDES-; SCOUR-AT-BRIDGES; STATE-DEPARTMENTS-OF-TRANSPORTATION; DAMAGE-COSTS; WEATHER-FORECASTING
摘要：	Disaster preparedness for transportation officials generally comes in two forms: reactive preparations, such a moving people out of harm's way as a storm approaches, and proactive preparations that anticipate natural disasters before they hit and design facilities to withstand them. El Nino was a little bit of both. In anticipation of the 1997-1998 storms, the California Division Office of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) conducted training sessions on how to apply for emergency relief funds. FHWA also wanted to anticipate the physical impact on the highway system, especially in the two key areas of flooding and landslides. In addition, physical systems to monitor scour depth and provide a warning signal were set up at bridges throughout the region. While El Nino's effect was felt throughout Region Nine, it hit California particularly hard. At various times throughout the region, there were sink holes, landslides, flooded highways, and roads blocked by fallen trees and other debris. Statewide, the California Department of Transportation set overall damage to the highway system at approximately $300 million. While much was done to prepare bridges, the most costly roadway damage came from landslides, particularly along the coast. Over the past 8 years, the state has averaged slightly more than one major natural disaster each year. The big difference with the 1997-1998 El Nino storms is that they were predicted. For the first time, workers had months to prepare. El Nino showed that the benefits provided by new prediction methods can be lost if government does not take a new look at its procedures and processes for predictable disasters. The efforts in Region Nine and California were a start in that effort.
总页数：	Public Roads. 1998/07. 62(1) pp37-41 (3 Phot., 2 Fig.)
报告类型：	科技报告