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原文传递 DEVELOPMENT OF A COLLISION COUNTERMEASURES SYSTEM FOR UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS.

题名：	DEVELOPMENT OF A COLLISION COUNTERMEASURES SYSTEM FOR UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS.
作者：	Larson-R
关键词：	COLLISION-AVOIDANCE; UNSIGNALIZED-INTERSECTIONS; TRAFFIC-CONTROL; TRAFFIC-SAFETY; ACTIVE-SIGNS; RURAL-HIGHWAYS; LOW-TRAFFIC-ROAD; STOP-SIGNS; TRAFFIC-CONFLICTS; ACCIDENT-RATES; TRAFFIC-SPEED; BEFORE-AND-AFTER-STUDIES; ILLUMINATED-TRAFFIC-SIGNS; COUNTERMEASURES-; COLLISIONS-
摘要：	This paper describes an alternative traffic control approach for unsignalized intersections which may prove more cost-effective than conventional traffic signs and signals in achieving intersection safety and efficiency. Under contract to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Raytheon E-Systems has developed a Collision Countermeasures System (CCS) to enhance driver awareness of approaching or crossing traffic through timely and appropriate warnings of vehicles entering the intersection. Specifically, this CCS incorporates vehicle detectors to track approaching vehicles, and "active" signs which illuminate warning messages at the intersection of a major road with a stop sign-controlled cross street. Stopped vehicles on the cross street are warned of oncoming traffic, while signs on the major road warn drivers of traffic in the intersection. This system is particularly well suited to rural highway applications where high intersection accident rates indicate the need for more than conventional signs, but low traffic volumes and high installation cost make conventional traffic signals inappropriate. The following is a description of the development of the CCS and its planned deployment at an intersection in Aden, Virginia. The major components of the CCS include: detection hardware, active warning signs and a modified Type 170 traffic signal controller that uses detector input data to trigger the signs. The detection hardware consists of strategically placed loops configured for speed, presence, or passage detection. Signs with integral light emitting diode (LED) display boards illuminate, based on vehicle speed and location, to warn drivers of vehicles on other approaches. The signs are designed to provide a real-time, intuitive warning that immediately alerts drivers to the existence of conflicting traffic. Two types of active signs are used: one to warn drivers on the major road of traffic in the intersection ahead, and the other to warn drivers waiting at the stop sign of approaching traffic on the major road. A driving simulator was used to ensure that drivers understand the signs, behave appropriately, and that the signs do not convey false or confusing information. To determine the effectiveness of the CCS, before-and-after studies of accident rate, traffic conflicts and speed shall be performed. Although accident rate analysis is perhaps the ultimate measure of effectiveness, low volume intersections require a long period of time for statistically significant results. Consequently, the evaluation of the system will be based primarily on driver surveys, traffic conflict, and speed studies. A decrease in traffic conflicts, and speed at the intersection, will be interpreted as a s600
总页数：	Conference Title: Merging the Transportation and Communications Revolutions. Abstracts for ITS America Seventh Annual Meeting and Exposition. Location: Washington, D.C. Sponsored by: ITS America. Held: 19970602-19970605. 1997. pp11
报告类型：	科技报告