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原文传递 CRASH INJURY SEVERITY OF OLDER DRIVERS IN IOWA.

题名：	CRASH INJURY SEVERITY OF OLDER DRIVERS IN IOWA.
作者：	Khattak-AJ; Pawlovich-MD; Souleyrette-RR
关键词：	Accident-causes; Aged-drivers; Farm-vehicles; Fatalities-; Fixed-objects; Highway-curves; Improvements-; Injury-severity; Iowa-; Occupant-protection-devices; Ordered-probit-model; Rollover-accidents; Rural-areas; Single-vehicle-accidents; Traffic-safety
摘要：	According to the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 175,000 older individuals were injured in traffic crashes in 1997, representing 14% of all traffic fatalities and 13% of all vehicle occupant fatalities in that year. Compared with the fatality rate for drivers aged 25-69 years, the rate for drivers 70 years or older is nine times higher. With the aging of the United States' population, the safety of older drivers is becoming more crucial every day. Using 1990 through 1997 reported crash data from the State of Iowa, the authors investigated causal factors that may contribute to the severity of injuries inflicted on older drivers (age >/= 65 years) involved in single vehicle crashes. The authors used the ordered probit modeling technique and investigated factors from vehicle, roadway, and driver characteristics that can potentially contribute to injury severity. Some environmental, temporal, and policy factors were also investigated. The objective was to isolate factors leading to more severe injuries among older drivers so that transportation agencies may focus on those to improve safety for older drivers in particular. Analysis results indicate that advancing driver age and lack of occupant protection inside the vehicle significantly contributed to the severity of older drivers' injuries. Crashes that involved an overturned vehicle or a vehicle striking a fixed object were more injurious to older drivers. Older driver injuries were more severe in farm vehicles as compared to injuries in other types of vehicles. Additionally, injuries to older drivers were more severe when crashes occurred on curves and in rural areas. The authors discuss some of the improvements that may be of interest to transportation agencies desiring to improve the safety of older drivers.
总页数：	Conference Title: Mid-Continent Transportation Symposium 2000. Location: Ames, Iowa. Sponsored by: Iowa State University
报告类型：	科技报告