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HIGHWAY TUNNELING
| 题名： | HIGHWAY TUNNELING |
| 正文语种： | eng |
| 作者： | Sanjay Kumar Nirmal |
| 摘要： | A tunnel is an underground structure provided for passage of vehicles or for conveyance of water or for mining operations. During historical times, Indian Monarchs were building them as escape routes from their palaces or forts in adverse situations but the diameter/size of such passage was restricted to movement of persons in queue till the safe exit. As society progressed, mineral exploration began after drilling of deep shafts in ground and making of transverse dead end tunnels underground. It is not till the advent of Railways that boring large dia. Tunnels in hills became a necessity for transportation needs. The first one built was Parsik railway tunnel near Thane in 1916. After independence, the first highway tunnel (2.85 km long) near Banihal in J&K was built at an elevation of 2,194 m by German Engineers (Alfred Kunz and C Barsel) and it was opened to traffic in December 1956. After launching National Highway Development Programme (NHDP) and experience gained by Border Road Organization in the usage of large diameter Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM) for tunneling in Himalayas, the Highway Profession got enriched. Now more advanced methods are available to prevent seepage of water or cave-in of soil resulting in collapse of such tunnels during construction. The most common methods of tuneling are: Cut and cover method, Bored tunnel method, Shaft method and Box jacking method depending on the purpose and site conditions. |
| 出版年： | 2021 |
| 期刊名称： | Indian Highways |
| 卷： | 49 |
| 期： | 6 |
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