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原文传递 Energy industries using HDPE liners for flowback water evaporation/recycling ponds

题名：	Energy industries using HDPE liners for flowback water evaporation/recycling ponds
正文语种：	eng
作者：	Neil C. Nowak
作者单位：	Greenwood Village Colo
摘要：	The use of HDPE as the primary liner in the ponds appears to be enhancing the evaporation of the water. At Danish Flats, the estimate of 50 inches (127 cm) of evaporation per year was far exceeded, given the 33 inches (83.8 cm) of evaporation experienced in only July and August 2008; it totaled 70 inches (177.8 cm) for 2008. In years 2009 and 2010, the evaporation rate was more than 60 inches (152.4 cm). In 2012, the evaporation rate was 42 inches (106.7 cm) from May through August. The "weep" system was an enhancement to increase evaporation, which was not quantitatively measurable, but may have been a factor in the total evaporation. The deeper ponds at Danish Flats experienced approximately a 30% lower evaporation rate due to cooler water at depth. Similarly, the evaporation experienced at the Bluegrass Water project was also more than the pan evaporation estimate based on ponds without the HDPE liner effects, including the increase in evaporation from the estimate of 45 inches (114.3 cm) per year to nearly 55 inches (139.7 cm).
出版年：	2021
期刊名称：	Geosynthetics
卷：	39
期：	5