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Synthesis Report: Examination of Target Vehicular Crashes and Potential ITS Countermeasures; Final rept. Sep 94-Apr 95
| 题名： | Synthesis Report: Examination of Target Vehicular Crashes and Potential ITS Countermeasures; Final rept. Sep 94-Apr 95 |
| 作者： | Najm, W.; Mironer, M.; Koziol, J.; Wang, J. S.; Knipling, R. R. |
| 关键词： | Accident avoidance; Accident analysis; Vehicle vehicle collisions; Accident research; Accident locations; Accident statistics; Highway safety; Accident causes; Vehicle accidents; Accident studies; Braking; Automatic control; Intersections; Vehicle kinematics |
| 摘要： | This report synthesizes the results of a preliminary analysis of nine major target crashes: (1) rear-end, (2) backing, (3) lane change and merge, (4) single vehicle roadway departure, (5) opposite direction, (6) signalized intersection, straight crossing path, (7) unsignalized intersection, straight crossing path, (8) left turn across path, and (9) reduced visibility. This report provides statistical descriptions of target crash sizes and characteristics, identifies crash subtypes and causal factors, defines Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Collision Avoidance System (CAS) concepts, and includes a sample of kinematic models representing crash avoidance actions. A case-by-case examination of a sample of 1,183 crashes indentified 18 crash subtypes and showed that driver recognition and driver decision errors were the primary causes of 44% and 23% of target crashes, respectively. The CAS concepts discussed in this report provide mechanisms of intervention in three basic categories: advisory, warning, and automatic control intervention. Crash avoidance actions are kinematically modeled as applied to target crash subtypes in terms of braking, steering, and holding course actions. This report concludes by highlighting key results of the analysis. |
| 总页数： | 64p |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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