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原文传递 Methods for Optimizing Urban Wet-Weather Control System.

题名：	Methods for Optimizing Urban Wet-Weather Control System.
作者：	heaney, j. p. lee, j. g.
关键词：	simulation, stormwater management, land use, pollution control, cost effectiveness, performance, optimization, best management practices, precipitation, spreadsheets, data analysis
摘要：	To minimize impacts of urban nonpoint source pollution and associated costs of control (storage and treatment) associated with wet-weather flows (WWFs), stormwater runoff volumes and pollutant loads must be reduced. A number of control strategies, so-called 'best management practices' (BMPs) are being used to mitigate runoff volumes and associated nonpoint source (diffuse) pollution due to WWFs. They include ponds, bioretention facilities, infiltration trenches, grass swales, filter strips, dry wells, and cisterns. Another control option is popularly termed 'low impact development' (LID) - or hydrologic source control - and strives to retain a site's pre-development hydrologic regime, reducing WWF and the associated nonpoint source pollution and treatment needs. Methods are needed to evaluate these BMPs, their effectiveness in attenuating flow and pollutants, and to optimize their cost/performance since most models only partially simulate BMP processes. Enhanced simulation capabilities will help planners derive the least-cost combination for effectively treating WWFs. There is a confusing array of options for analyzing hydrologic regimes and planning for LID. Integrating available BMP and LID processes into one model is highly desirable. Described in this report is a methodology that integrates simulation ('what-if' analysis) and optimization ('what's-best' analysis) for evaluating which of the myriad of alternative wet-weather controls deserves the title of 'best.' The optimization analysis integrates process simulation, cost-effectiveness analysis, performance specification, and optimization methods to find this 'best' solution. All of these analyses are performed using a spreadsheet platform. Following a general review of optimization methods and previous applications to wet-weather control optimization, a series of spreadsheet based tools are described. Use of these spreadsheets allows for an improved method for spatial analysis and therefore, to a more accurate representation of land use. A spreadsheet-based method for analyzing precipitation records to partition them into storm events or to develop intensity-duration-frequency curves is presented, along with simple methods for estimating infiltration and performing flow routing. Influent pollutant loads may be described simply as event mean concentrations (EMCs). A spreadsheet version of the STORM model for continuous simulations is presented, followed by an update on the cost of wet-weather controls. A primer on optimization methods describes the ease of using these techniques in a spreadsheet environment and the application of these tools to optimize storm sewer design is discussed. At the conclusion, an integrated stormwater management optimization model that combines land use optimization and a storage-release system is outlined.
总页数：	u0701；135p
报告类型：	科技报告