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原文传递 Using Computational Cognitive Modeling to Diagnose Possible Sources of Aviation Error.

题名：	Using Computational Cognitive Modeling to Diagnose Possible Sources of Aviation Error.
作者：	byrne, m. d. kirlik, a.
关键词：	aircraft landing, visual attention, decision making, performance(human), simulation, flight safety, human factors engineering, computational modeling
摘要：	We present a computational model of a closed-loop, pilot-aircraft-visual scene-taxiway system created to shed light on possible sources of taxi error. Creating the cognitive aspects of the model using ACT-R required us to conduct studies with subject matter experts to identify experiential adaptations pilots bring to taxiing. Five decision strategies were found, ranging from cognitively-intensive but precise, to fast, frugal but robust. We provide evidence for the model by comparing its behavior to a NASA Ames Research Center simulation of Chicago O'Hare surface operations. Decision horizons were highly variable; the model selected the most accurate strategy given time available. We found a signature in the simulation data of the use of globally robust heuristics to cope with short decision horizons as revealed by errors occurring most frequently at atypical taxiway geometries or clearance routes. These data provided empirical support for the model. / NOTE: Technical rept. / Supplementary Notes: Sponsored by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA. Ames Research Center. / Availability Note: Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
总页数：	u0710；19p
报告类型：	科技报告