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原文传递 Design and Construction Guidelines for GRS (Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil) Bridge Abutments with a Flexible Facing: Appendix C. Verification of the Analytical Model.

题名：	Design and Construction Guidelines for GRS (Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil) Bridge Abutments with a Flexible Facing: Appendix C. Verification of the Analytical Model.
作者：	wu, j. t. h. lee, k. z. z. helwany, s. b. ketchart, k.
关键词：	geotechnical fabrics, guidelines, design, construction, verification, bridge piers, geotextiles, soil stabilization, reinforcement (structures), loads(forces), reinforcing materials, analytical models
摘要：	The use of geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) systems as the foundation for or as integral structural components of bridge abutments and piers is receiving increased attention and interest. The soil mass of these systems is reinforced in layers with a polymeric geosynthetic (e.g., strips, grids, or sheets) and, in most typically used systems, the layered reinforcement is fixed to facing elements that constitute the outer wall. Because the facing elements are not rigidly attached to each other, the wall has some limited flexibility. Various materials, including stone, block, or timber, may be used for the flexible facing. GRS bridge abutments and piers are more forgiving to differential foundation settlement, more adaptable to low-quality backfill, easier to construct, and more economical than their conventional counterparts. GRS bridge abutments and piers can be put into service quickly and can be built by maintenance personnel. This system may have considerable advantages for pedestrian structures, especially where access by heavy equipment is not available. It is economical for (a) temporary pier use because of its easy demolition and the recyclable nature of its components; (b) emergency work because of reduced lead time and lower equipment needs and skills; and (c) massive-looking piers that are desired for aesthetic reasons. Full-scale tests conducted by the FHWA and by the Colorado Department of Transportation (DOT) in Denver on GRS bridge abutments and piers with segmental modular block facing have demonstrated excellent performance characteristics and very high load-carrying capacity. In these tests, the bridge was supported directly on the GRS mass. In addition, the Colorado DOT recently designed and constructed a GRS abutment to support both bridge and approach roadway structures. The project included the construction of a shallow-strip-spread foundation that supports the bridge superstructure and is placed directly on the GRS wall. The design of this bridge is overly conservative because its performance could not be tested under actual service conditions and because of the critical nature of the structure (which support six lanes over Interstate 25). After 18 months in service, the structure has shown excellent performance. The monitored movements are much smaller than those expected in the design and allowed for by the performance requirements, and there is no indication of the development of the 'bridge bump problem' or of any structural damage. Movements developed after opening the bridge to traffic are negligible. The technology of GRS bridge abutments and piers with flexible facing has not been adopted in routine highway bridge construction. / NOTE: Final rept. / Supplementary Notes: See also Main Report, PB2006-110318. Prepared in cooperation with Colorado Univ. at Denver. Sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. and Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC. / Availability Note: Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
总页数：	u0711；53p
报告类型：	科技报告