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Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for the 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook.
| 题名： | Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for the 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. |
| 作者： | brown, d. f. freeman, w. a. carhart, r. a. krumpolc, m. |
| 关键词： | toxic materials, accident incidents, transportation of hazardous materials, risk, hazards, industrial hygiene, emergency response, safety, documentation |
| 摘要： | This report provides technical documentation for values in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (PADs) in the 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG2004). The objective for choosing the PADs specified in the ERG2004 is to balance the need to adequately protect the public from exposure to potentially harmful substances against the risks and expenses that could result from overreacting to a spill. To quantify this balance, a statistical approach is adopted, whereby the best available information is used to conduct an accident scenario analysis and develop a set of up to 1,000,000 hypothetical incidents. The set accounts for differences in containers types, incident types, accident severity (i.e., amounts released), locations, times of day, times of year, and meteorological conditions. Each scenario is analyzed using detailed emission rate and atmospheric dispersion models to calculate the downwind chemical concentrations from which a safe distance is determined. The safe distance is defined as the distance downwind from the source at which the chemical concentration falls below health protection criteria. The American Industrial Hygiene Association's Emergency Response Planning Guideline Level 2 (ERPG-2) or equivalent is the health criteria used. The statistical sample of safe distance values for all incidents considered in the analysis are separated into four categories: small spill/daytime release, small spill/nighttime release, large spill/daytime release, and large spill/nighttime release. The 90th-percentile safe distance values for each of these groups became the PADs that appear in the ERG2004. Chemical spills resulting from the transport of toxic materials can pose substantial hazards to the general public and to first responders. To address these hazards, first responders can consult the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG), which helps them determine whether a spill is potentially hazardous and what actions to take. / Supplementary Notes: Sponsored by Department of Transportation, Washington, DC. Research and Special Programs Administration. / Availability Note: Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA. |
| 总页数： | u0715；222p |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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