摘要: |
Bitumen and bituminous products such as asphalt soften as the temperature increases and can lead to road surface deformation. However, a couple of degrees in pavement temperature plays a relatively minor role in the overall performance of bitumen. To put it in perspective, in the US bitumen specification system, the temperature differences between two grades of bitumen is 6°C, as measured during the hottest week of the year. This means it would take a significant rise in temperature as a result of climate change for different grades of bitumen to be necessitated. In many regions of the world, the increase of moisture in road structures and more frequent flood events, whether due to increase in rainfall, or sea level rise, pose the greatest threat to road infrastructure. Moisture-related pavement and road failures following severe rainfall events or floods can be costly to repair. As an example, the 2010-2013 floods in the Australian state of Queensland cost the government nearly US$5 billion in road repairs - half for reconstruction of pavements. |