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原文传递 Tribal Transportation Programs. A Synthesis of Highway Practice.

题名：	Tribal Transportation Programs. A Synthesis of Highway Practice.
作者：	meck, s. retzlaff, r. schwab, j.
关键词：	thirty programs, interviews
摘要：	Indian tribal transportation is undergoing significant change; however, relatively little significant research has examined where such programs currently are and where they are headed. This report attempted to establish a baseline for future research by examining numerous essential details of 30 programs from across the nation, from New England to Alaska, from Texas to North Dakota. The programs surveyed were large, small, and in between. The study also examined the extant literature of the field and summarizes the history and legal and administrative evolution of tribal transportation programs within the larger context of issues of tribal sovereignty and relationships with the federal government, states, and local and regional planning. In addition, the study includes extensive interviews with directors of the Transportation Technical Assistance Program (TTAP) centers, with Tim Penney of FHWA, and several Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) officials. The primary vehicle for federal aid to tribal transportation remains the Indian Reservation Roads (IRR) program. Today, the program consists of more than 25,700 miles of BIA and tribally owned public roads and 800 bridges, plus 25,600 miles of state, county, and local government public roads. Authorizations for the IRR program and the BIA maintenance funds cover only a small fraction of the ongoing needs of tribes, although those authorizations are steadily increasing, and a new Tribal Transportation Allocation Methodology (TTAM) is in place to determine direct allocations to individual tribes. The profiles generated from this study, however, reveal that numerous tribes are seeking, experimenting with, or implementing additional sources of revenue to fund their transportation needs, including creative grant writing, flexible financing to borrow against future IRR allocations, tribal tax and casino revenues, and profit-making tribal enterprises that identify and fill market niches in the larger regional economy. / Supplementary Notes: Sponsored by Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. National Cooperative Highway Research Program., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. and Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC. / Availability Note: Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
总页数：	u0718；142p
报告类型：	科技报告