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原文传递 Characteristics of Nighttime Pedestrian Crashes Implications for Headlighting.

题名：	Characteristics of Nighttime Pedestrian Crashes Implications for Headlighting.
作者：	sullivan, j. m. flannagan, m. j.
关键词：	accident analysis, daylight, visibility, conspicuity, michigan, risk, lighting systems, low beam headlamps, illumination
摘要：	Previous studies have shown that increased risk in the dark is particularly strong for pedestrian crashes, suggesting that attempts to improve headlighting should emphasize possible effects on those crashes. The current project was designed to provide information about how details of pedestrian crashes may differ between daylight and darkness. All pedestrian crashes that occurred in daylight or dark conditions in Michigan during 2004 were analyzed in terms of the variables included in the State of Michigan crash database. Additional analysis of the narratives and diagrams in police accident reports was performed for a subset of 400 of those crashes-200 samples from daylight and 200 sampled from darkness. Several differences were found that appear to be related to the characteristic asymmetry of low-beam headlamps, which provide more light on the right than the left. These results provide preliminary quantification of the how the photometric differences between the right and left sides of typical headlamps may affect pedestrian crash risk. / Supplementary Notes: Sponsored by Industry Affiliation Program for Human Factors in Transportation Safety, Ann Arbor, MI. / Availability Note: Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
总页数：	u0725；34p
报告类型：	科技报告