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原文传递 ATC/Pilot Voice Communications - A Survey of the Literature.

题名：	ATC/Pilot Voice Communications - A Survey of the Literature.
作者：	Britton, Thomas W.;Prinzo, O. V.;
关键词：	PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, VOICE COMMUNICATIONS, COMMUNICATION AND RADIO SYSTEMS, LITERATURE SURVEYS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC, AIRPORTS, AVIATION SAFETY, COGNITION, COMPREHENSION, CONTROL, ERRORS, INFORMATION PROCESSING, INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS, LINGUISTICS, LOUDNESS, MONITORS, PILOTS, SPEECH, SURVEYS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS, ACOUSTICS, SPEECH TRANSMISSION, SPEECH ARTICULATION.
摘要：	The first radio-equipped control tower in the United States opened at the Cleveland Municipal Airport in 1930. From that time to the present, voice radio communications have played a primary role in air safety. Verbal communications in air traffic control (ATC) operations have been frequently cited as causal factors in operational errors and pilot deviations in the FAA Operational Error and Deviation System, the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS), and reports derived from government-sponsored research projects. Collectively, the data provided by these programs indicate that communications constitute a significant problem for pilots and controllers. Although the communications problem was well known the research literature was fragmented, making it difficult to appreciate the various types of verbal communications problems that existed and their unique influence on the quality of ATC/pilot communications. This is a survey of the voice radio communications literature. The 43 reports in the review represent survey data, field studies, laboratory studies, narrative reports, and reviews. The survey topics pertain to communications taxonomies, acoustical correlates and cognitive/psycholinguistic perspectives. Communications taxonomies were used to identify the frequency and types of information that constitute routine communications, as well as those communications involved in operational errors, pilot deviations, and other safety-related events. Acoustical correlate methodologies identified some qualities of a speaker's voice, such as loudness, pitch, and speech rate, which might be used potentially to monitor stress, mental workload, and other forms of psychological or physiological factors that affect performance.
总页数：	39
报告类型：	科技报告