摘要: |
Due to their superior ductility and mechanical strength, Engineered Cementitious Composites
(ECCs) have been proposed as a promising material alternative to extend the durability and
infrastructure service life. Compared with normal concrete, ECC uses more cement due to the
absence of coarse aggregate in the mixture design. High cement content usually introduces
higher hydration heat, autogenous shrinkage, and increased cost. Moreover, the associated
increase in primary energy and emission of carbon dioxide may cause negative environmental
impacts. A plausible solution would be to replace a large portion of cement in ECC with SCMs
(e.g., fly ash), without sacrificing its mechanical properties, in general, and tensile ductility, in
particular. As such, fly ash has become a key ingredient in the production of ECC materials. In
the U.S., fly ash is the most utilized SCM in the cement and concrete industry and has become
an integral part of concrete mixtures. However, the decline in coal-fired power generation is
affecting its wide availability. Consequently, there is an urgent need to find alternative sources
of SCMs that are high-quality, cost-effective, and readily available, which can provide a portfolio
of alternatives to conventional fly ash. As a response to the expected shortage of fly ash, the
objective of this project is to evaluate the much-needed alternative sources of SCMs, including
unconventional sources of fly ash, to provide high-quality and cost-effective SCM alternatives
for the future of ECC production in Region 6. The unconventional fly ash sources to be
investigated in this study are ground bottom ash, reclaimed fly ash, ground glass, and cement
kiln dust (CKD). |