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Marine Mammals as Models for Cost Efficient AUVs: Specifications of Oscillating Hydrofoils
| 题名： | Marine Mammals as Models for Cost Efficient AUVs: Specifications of Oscillating Hydrofoils |
| 作者： | Williams, Terrie M.; |
| 关键词： | AMPHIBIANS, OSCILLATION, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, BIOMECHANICS, AQUATIC ANIMALS, HYDROFOILS, KINEMATICS, UNDERWATER VEHICLES, EFFICIENCY, AMPHIBIOUS VEHICLES, HYDRODYNAMICS, ENERGY STORAGE, DIVING, OPEN WATER, BUOYANCY, SWIMMING, SEALS(MAMMALS), MECHANICAL ENERGY, MARINE SURFACE PROPULSION, GLIDING, DOLPHINS(MAMMALS), UNDERWATER PROPULSION, LOCOMOTION. |
| 摘要： | This study determined the efficiency and performance limitations of oscillating hydrofoils used in nature. Specific studies compared the kinematics and energetics associated with the transition from terrestrial to aquatic performance by semi-aquatic mammals, and evaluated cost-saving strategies of obligate marine mammals using dorso-ventral or lateral undulatory propulsion. A laboratory component was conducted with bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), river otters (Lontra canadensis), and sea otters (Enhydra lutris) to assess the mechanical operation and energetic cost of oscillating hydrofoils performing in controlled environments. The second component used field tests on freely swimming and diving dolphins, phocid seals, and sea otters to evaluate the performance limitations of hydrofoils under open water conditions. Routine locomotor speeds, preferred swimming gaits, and stroking mechanics were measured. In the third component, the authors combined the results of their tests with data for terrestrial, semi-aquatic, and other marine mammals to provide a comparative synthesis of oscillating hydrofoil performance. Key factors for low-cost performance on land included the incorporation of aerial phases and elastic energy storage, particularly during high-speed transits. Likewise, the use of elastic energy storage and prolonged gliding associated with changes in hydrostatic pressure and buoyancy reduced locomotor costs by nearly 64%for some divers. These studies have provided information concerning the relationship between body design, biomechanics, and power consumption in a wide variety of aquatic organisms. The results have been applied to the design of aquatic gliders, engineering models for undulatory propulsion, and models for assessing performance limitations in free-ranging marine mammals. The findings provide new insights for improving the propulsive efficiency of large aquatic and semi-aquatic vehicles7 |
| 总页数： | 138 |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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- Workshop Report on Management Needs to Minimize Vessel Collisions with Whales in the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary and other National Marine Sanctuaries.
- Shipping Noise and Marine Mammals: a Forum for Science, Management, and Technology. Final Report of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) International Symposium, Arlington, Virginia, May 18-19, 2004
- Shipping Noise and Marine Mammals: a Forum for Science, Management, and Technology. Final Report of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) International Symposium, Arlington, Virginia, May 18-19, 2004.
- U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal Stock Assessments, 2016
- North Pacific Marine Mammal Bycatch Estimation Methodology and Results, 2007-2011
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