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Marine Security of Hazardous Chemical Cargo
| 题名： | Marine Security of Hazardous Chemical Cargo |
| 作者： | Frittelli, John;Parfomak, Paul W.; |
| 关键词： | CHEMICALS, CARGO, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, TERRORISTS, TRANSPORTATION, CONGRESS, TOXICITY, SECURITY, TARGETS, INTERNATIONAL, CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, FLAMMABILITY, TERRORISM, LEGISLATION, INDUSTRIAL PLANTS, CASUALTIES, COMBUSTION, ATTACK, MASS, UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, FOREIGN, HAZARDS |
| 摘要： | Since the terror attacks of September 11, 2001, the nation has been working to improve the security of hazardous chemicals transportation. Marine shipments of hazardous chemical cargo may be attractive terrorist targets because of their large volume and inherent toxicity or flammability. Anecdotal evidence and international events suggest that terrorists may have both the desire and capability to attack such shipments in U.S. waters. Building on existing legislation, Congress is analyzing the security of hazardous chemical marine shipments and deciding whether to strengthen related federal security efforts. H.R. 2651, for example, would increase penalties for criminal or terrorist activities around ports and marine vessels. S. 1052 includes provisions to increase general port security, including foreign port security. Drawing on marine commerce data from the An%Army Corps of Engineers (ACE), CRS has analyzed marine shipments of acutely toxic or combustible chemicals as defined under Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations. According to this analysis, over 100,000 marine shipments (54 million tons) of chemicals potentially capable of causing mass casualties (injuries or deaths) among the general public passed through U.S. waters in 2003. These chemical shipments accounted for 2%of U.S. marine cargo tonnage and were shipped through 113 U.S. ports. The top 30 ports handled 95%of this hazardous chemical tonnage. Most marine shipments of hazardous chemicals are much larger than such shipments on land; they would be of sufficient volume, on average, to require an off-site risk management plan under EPA rules if the same quantity of chemical was stored at a chemical plant. |
| 总页数： | 42 |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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- Air Cargo Security, Updated September 11, 2003. CRS Report for Congress.
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