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Examining Spatial Mismatch Through a New Geography of Opportunity Index

项目名称：	Examining Spatial Mismatch Through a New Geography of Opportunity Index
摘要：	The objective of this project is to develop a new index of geographic opportunity that improves upon existing measures to analyze the spatial mismatch between job growth and populations in urban settings. Past measures of job accessibility have relied on measures of linear distance between populations and job, actual commute times for those working, or much simpler regional approaches. These past measures suffer from combinations of measurement error and endogeneity due to the fact that linear distance is most relevant if someone has a car and commute times derived from a working population subsumes a set of job market and residential choices for this population. Past measures are most problematic for the most disadvantaged populations that are unlikely to have a car. This research highlights the need to develop an exogenous measure of job access that does not require car ownership. In the proposed study, the research team will develop a gravity model of job access that uses travel time in public transportation. Generalized Transit Feed Specification data can be used to replace measures of actual commute times of workers and linear distance to produce better estimates for job accessibility for the most vulnerable populations. The team will then test this new measure of the Geography of Opportunity in models of spatial mismatch to determine how job accessibility impact employment outcomes. This study has important implications for understanding patterns of unemployment, underemployment, and access to labor markets, especially for populations with employment barriers.
状态：	Completed
资金：	99983
资助组织：	Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology
项目负责人：	Brinkerhoff, Cort
主要研究人员：	Painter, Gary
开始时间：	20180101
预计完成日期：	20191231
实际结束时间：	0