详情

Guide to Equity Analysis in Regional Transportation Planning Processes

项目名称：	Guide to Equity Analysis in Regional Transportation Planning Processes
摘要：	In metropolitan regions, public services such as public transportation, parks, libraries, health services, public safety, and affordable housing are not provided in such a way that all segments of the population have equal access to these services. The most frequently discussed impacts of unfair distribution of public services are the physical and social segregation of those receiving a greater share of benefits from those receiving a lesser share of benefits. Research has shown that biased service delivery occurs in relation to income, race, color, and national origin, often in relation to urban location. Metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) are directed to consider the equity impacts of their decisions pursuant to: (1) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; (2) the National Environmental Policy Act (1969); (3) Executive Order 12898 (1994), �Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations�; and (4) Executive Order 13166 (2000), "Improving Access to Services for Persons with Limited English Proficiency". A review of planning documents and reports from over 50 large MPOs shows that a wide variety of approaches have been used in the process with no clear standards, methodologies, metrics, or reporting formats by which plans can be easily evaluated or compared. Traditionally, transportation investments have been evaluated using cost-benefit analysis. This approach does not measure how the benefits and burdens are distributed across different groups in society, for example disaggregated by income, location, demographic sub-group, and limited English proficiency. It also does not consider impacts to health, the environment, or community cohesion. Undertaking an analysis of the distributional impacts or effects of a transportation investment or proposal looks to address these concerns. Currently, there are no guidelines or generally recognized best practices to consider in determining how to perform social equity analyses. Research is needed to better understand how to measure or analyze equity. The objective of this research is to develop a Reference Guide that identifies and describes how equity in public transportation can be analyzed through an integrated participatory and quantitative approach that is adaptable to planning and development at local and regional levels. For purposes of this study, equity analysis refers to both the Title VI and environment justice processes. The reference guide will be used to assist MPOs, transit agencies, and other regional organizations to successfully and efficiently perform consistent transportation equity analyses. A key focus of this study is to explore the relationship between MPOs and transit agencies as it relates to environment justice analysis and Title VI procedures, implementation, and reporting compliance. In this research, case studies, law, methods, and existing practices will be thoroughly evaluated to derive the most useful and broadly applicable range of transportation equity analysis processes for MPOs. A synthesis of existing information will be the foundation for developing a comprehensive reference tool. The Reference Guide should include, but not be limited to, the following: (1) state of the practice report; (2) best practice equity analysis recommendations; and (3) guidance for incorporating analyses to ensure equitable system-wide transportation decision-making.
状态：	Completed
资金：	300000
资助组织：	Federal Transit Administration
项目负责人：	Chisholm-Smith, Gwen G
执行机构：	ICF Consulting, Incorporated
主要研究人员：	Twaddell, Hannah
开始时间：	20161214
预计完成日期：	20190630
实际结束时间：	20190630