摘要: |
In 2013, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) gave the levee system in the United States an overall rating of D-. This rating is based in part on information from the National Levee Database (NLD) which is comprised of approximately 14,700 miles of levees operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). These levees are more than 55 years old on average and were originally designed to protect farmland from flooding; however, due to urban sprawl and changes in land use, over 14 million people now live or work behind these structures. Unfortunately, only 8% of these levees are found to be in acceptable condition, while about 69% are minimally acceptable, and 22% are rated as unacceptable. In the coming decades, continued deterioration, urban development, and an increase in extreme weather events will test these structures to and beyond their capacity, leading to a significant increase in risk. To prevent failures in these structures, ASCE estimates more than $100 billion is needed to repair and rehabilitate the levee system. However, only a small portion of that money is currently allocated by the federal government. Therefore, the available money must to be used to repair the most critical levees first. Typically, levees are evaluated based on a simple visual inspection program to identify critical or weak spots in the levee system. |