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Energy and Environmental Consequences of Transportation: Indicators of Sustainability
| 题名： | Energy and Environmental Consequences of Transportation: Indicators of Sustainability |
| 作者： | Greene, D.L.; |
| 关键词： | 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION ;54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ; EMISSION; AIR POLLUTION; LAND TRANSPORT; WATER POLLUTION; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; FOSSIL FUELS; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS |
| 摘要： | The rapid motorization of world transportation systems puts growing emphasis on controlling transportation`s direct and indirect impacts on the global environment, in other words, on achieving sustainability in transport. In 1950, the world contained 70 million motor vehicles, of which 70%were in the United States. Today the world`s motor vehicle fleet exceeds 600 million,of which less than one-third are in the U.S. Outside of the U.S., motor vehicle stocks are growing twice as fast (Davis& McFarlin, 1996, tables 1.1& 1.2). With this explosive growth of motorized transport comes a compelling need to control its concomitant pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and fossil fuel consumption. Large scale indicators of transportation`s performance with respect to sustainability are therefore becoming increasingly important for monitoring trends and evaluating the effectiveness of policies at national and international scales. A recent survey by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (U. S. DOT/BTS, 1 996) of data on transportation`s environmental consequences in the U.S., found that reasonable indicators exist for energy use and for certain of transportation`s environmental impacts. Statistics on air pollutant emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy use are adequate for developing rigorous indicators of at least emissions and energy use. Much less is known about noise generation, water and groundwater pollution, solid waste,land-use and habitat impacts. |
| 总页数： | 7p |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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