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Cool-down flow-rate limits imposed by thermal stresses in LNG pipelines
| 题名： | Cool-down flow-rate limits imposed by thermal stresses in LNG pipelines |
| 作者： | Bartlit, J.R.;Edeskuty, F.J.;Novak, J.K.; |
| 关键词： | 03 NATURAL GAS; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 42 ENGINEERING; ALUMINIUM ALLOYS; THERMAL STRESSES; CRYOGENIC FLUIDS; FLOW RATE; NICKEL STEELS; STAINLESS STEEL-304; CRYOGENICS; LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS; MATERIALS TESTING; PIPELINES; TEMPERATURE EFFECTS; TRANSPORT; YIELD STRENGTH; ALLOYS; CHROMIUM ALLOYS; CHROMIUM STEELS; CHROMIUM-NICKEL STEELS; CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOYS; ENERGY SOURCES; FLUIDS; FOSSIL FUELS; FUEL GAS; FUELS; GAS FUELS; GASES; HEAT RESISTANT MATERIALS; HEAT RESISTING ALLOYS; IRON ALLOYS; IRON BASE ALLOYS; MATERIALS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; NATURAL GAS; NICKEL ALLOYS; STAINLESS STEELS; STEELS; STRESSES; TESTING |
| 摘要： | Warm cryogenic pipelines are usually cooled to operating temperature by a small, steady flow of the liquid cryogen. If this flow rate is too high or too low, undesirable stresses will be produced. Low flow-rate limits based on avoidance of stratified two-phase flow have been calculated for pipelines cooled with liquid hydrogen or nitrogen. High flow-rate limits for stainless steel and aluminum pipelines cooled by liquid hydrogen or nitrogen have been determined by calculating thermal stress in thick components vs flow rate and then selecting some reasonable stress limits. The present work extends these calculations to pipelines made of AISI 304 stainless steel, 6061 aluminum, or ASTM A420 9%nickel steel cooled by liquid methane or a typical natural gas. Results indicate that aluminum and 9%nickel steel components can tolerate very high cool-down flow rates, based on not exceeding the material yield strength. |
| 总页数： | Pages8 |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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