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原文传递 Human Factors Guidelines for Intelligent Transportation Systems at the Highway-Rail Intersection: Technical Report.

题名：	Human Factors Guidelines for Intelligent Transportation Systems at the Highway-Rail Intersection: Technical Report.
作者：	lerner, n. d. jenness, j. w. singer, j. p. huey, r. w. llaneras, r. e.
关键词：	standards, design, safety devices, warning systems, road transit interchange, transportation safety, accident prevention, recommendations
摘要：	The highway-rail intersection (HRI), where a highway and railroad tracks intersect, is a point of potential conflict between highway traffic and trains. In 2004, 3,133 events, 1,131 injuries, and 377 fatalities occurred at HRIs in the United States. With increasing traffic on highways and on rail lines, safety and operational efficiency at the HRI are important concerns. In 1997, the National Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Program Plan identified the HRI as a location that could reap important benefits in safety, mobility, and productivity through the use of innovative communications and electronics technologies known as ITS. Like all systems, ITS must be designed with the human user in mind. The field of human factors specifically addresses issues of human interaction with systems. This technical report documents the development of a set of guidelines entitled Human Factors Guidance for Intelligent Transportation Systems at the Highway-Rail Intersection. The guidelines have two objectives: (1) to provide preliminary guidance that would be of immediate use to designers and implementers of ITS at HRIs and (2) to serve as a resource and impetus for the development of consensus standards, approved practices, industry guidelines, and other more formal guidance. The scope of the guidelines is limited to human factors issues for ITS systems that are applicable to roadway user safety at HRIs. The first step in guidelines development was to define the set of potential human factors requirements that need to be addressed through guidelines. These issues were derived from a 1999 workshop entitled ITS Standards for the Highway-Rail Intersection; a literature search and review; contacts with key experts, ITS implementers, and organization representatives; and a review of guidelines in related fields. Once the key human factors applications and guidance needs were defined, guidance recommendations were developed, and the guidelines document structure was established. In the guidelines document, Human Factors Guidance for Intelligent Transportation Systems at the Highway-Rail Intersection, Chapters 1 through 3 introduce the purpose and scope of the guidelines, describe the road user for whom the ITS systems are intended, and review current and past ITS systems implemented at HRIs. Chapters 4 through 7 provide general human factors considerations, including message factors, roadside displays, in-vehicle displays, and displays for pedestrians. Chapters 8 through 11 provide human factors considerations for specific applications, including warnings about train arrival, advance information about the HRI and dynamic route guidance, enforcement and control of vehicles, and light rail transit. Each of the guidance chapters (Chapters 4 through 11) has a similar structure. The Background section describes the application and the relevant safety and operational concerns; this section also reviews relevant research, practice, and field experience. The Key Human
报告类型：	科技报告