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原文传递 Monitoring Scour Critical Bridges, A Synthesis of Highway Practice.

题名：	Monitoring Scour Critical Bridges, A Synthesis of Highway Practice.
作者：	B. E. Hunt;
关键词：	bridges(structure),monitoring systems,highway practice,bridge scour;bridge failures, hydraulic conditions, collisions, overload;
摘要：	Scour is the primary cause of bridge failures in the United States. Figure 1 shows statistics compiled by the Structures Division of the New York State Department of Transportation (DOT) and calculated using the National Bridge Failure Database. From 1966 to 2005, there have been at least 1,502 documented bridge failures. Of those bridge failures, 58%were the result of hydraulic conditions. Second on the list, but substantially behind, were collisions by ships, trucks, or trains, and overload. Earthquakes were a distant eighth on the list. According to the FHWA, the number of bridges declared scour critical total more than 20,904. During and following the successful completion of NCHRP Project 21-03, Instrumentation for Measuring Scour at Bridge Piers and Abutments, more than 120 of these bridges were instrumented for scour measurements. Often these bridges are instrumented because the scour estimates appear overly conservative and it is prudent to observe scour activity during flood events before spending resources on other types of countermeasures. Other bridges are scheduled to be replaced, and monitoring is an alternative measure to help ensure the safety of the traveling public until the new bridge is completed. This synthesis is a report of the state of knowledge and practice for fixed scour monitoring of scour critical bridges. It includes a review of the existing knowledge and research and an examination of current practice. The project included a survey of transportation agencies and other bridge owners to obtain their experiences with fixed scour monitoring systems. For those agencies that have not employed scour monitoring systems, their opinions were requested regarding problems and suggestions. Thirty-seven state DOTs responded to the survey. Information on scour monitoring for non-responding states was obtained from the literature review. / Supplementary Notes: Sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC., Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC. and Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. National Cooperative Highway Research Program. / Availability Note: Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5301 Shawnee Road, Alexandria, VA, 22312, USA. / NTIS Prices: PC A09/MF A09 / NTIS In-house Control Codes: nastrb/dotfha;12111,1101
报告类型：	科技报告