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Aviation and Climate Change.
| 题名： | Aviation and Climate Change. |
| 作者： | J. E. McCarthy; |
| 关键词： | aviation,aircraft emissions,air pollution control,climate change;fuel costs, air traffic control, legislation, regulations, aircraft, international developments, european union, tables (data), carbon dioxide emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, congressio |
| 摘要： | Aircraft are a significant source of greenhouse gases-compounds that trap the sun's heat, with effects on the Earth's climate. In the United States, aircraft of all kinds are estimated to emit between 2.6%and 3.4%of the nation's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, depending on whether one counts international air travel. The impact of U.S. aviation on climate change is perhaps twice that size when other factors are considered. These include the contribution of aircraft emissions to ozone formation, the water vapor and soot that aircraft emit, and the high altitude location of the bulk of aircraft emissions. Worldwide, aviation is projected to be among the faster-growing GHG sources. This report provides background on aviation emissions and the factors affecting them; it discusses the tools available to control emissions, including existing authority under the Clean Air Act and proposed economy-wide cap-and-trade legislation; and it examines international regulatory developments that may affect U.S. commercial airlines. These include the European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme for greenhouse gases (EU-ETS), which is to include the aviation sector beginning in 2012, and discussions under the auspices of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). / Availability Note: Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5301 Shawnee Road, Alexandria, VA, 22312, USA. / NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A03 / NTIS In-house Control Codes: lccrs;12111,1101 |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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