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原文传递 Driving Performance Analysis of the Advanced Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) Field Operational Test (FOT) Data and Recommendations for a Driving Workload Manager.

题名：	Driving Performance Analysis of the Advanced Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) Field Operational Test (FOT) Data and Recommendations for a Driving Workload Manager.
作者：	H. Eoh; P. A. Green; J. Schweitzer; E. Hegedus;
关键词：	driving,visual demand,motor vehicle operators,driver distraction;driving performance, motor vehicle crashes, ergonomics, telematics, human factors, driving manuevers, workload manager;
摘要：	This report contains analyses of driving performance data from the Advanced Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) Field Operational Test (FOT), with data from nearly 100 drivers and over 100,000 miles of driving. The analyses compared normal and distracted situations and determined thresholds that distinguish between maneuvering and non-maneuvering situations. Four questions were addressed: (1) How are measures of driver input (steering wheel angle, etc.) and vehicle output (heading, speed, etc.) distributed as a function of 4 road types ((a) ramps, (b) interstates and freeways, (c) arterials and minor arterials, and (d) collectors and local roads). (2) What is the effect of the number of tasks on measures of driver performance as a function of road type. (The distributions for 0 and 1 tasks were similar. For 2 tasks, the range was sometimes 50%less.) (3) How well do linear thresholds distinguish between maneuvering and non-maneuvering situations, and what should those values be. (It varies with the threshold; sometimes the odds were 10:1. Other times they were 1:1.) (4) How effectively do steering and throttle entropy predict distracted and normal driving. (Only steering entropy showed any differences.)Two analysts rated the visual, auditory, cognitive, and psychomotor demands of 68 subtasks (e.g., prepare to eat/drink, converse on the cell phone) performed while driving. Ratings were relative to anchors from the U.S. Army IMPRINT modeling tool (0-to-7 scale). Video clips of those subtasks were sampled from the advanced collision avoidance system (ACAS) field operational test (FOT) database, a naturalistic study of driving previously performed by UMTRI. Key findings were: (1) The most demanding tasks were dialing a phone, answering a phone, lighting a cigar or cigarette, dealing with pet and insect distractions, dealing with spilled drinks and food, typing with 2 thumbs, and drinking from a cup, in that order. (2) Demand levels within subtasks were moderately correlated (visual-cognitive=0.68, visual-psychomotor=0.48, cognitive-auditory=0.42, cognitive -psychomotor=0.34) or close to 0. (3) In terms of these ratings, cognitive demands, both per unit time and when weighted by exposure, were consistently double the value of others. (4) Demands varied to a limited degree among road types. (5) There were consistent differences in demand due to driver age and sex. Researchers are encouraged to use the demand ratings provided and extend them to other tasks so tasks can be compared across experiments. / Supplementary Notes: Sponsored by Delphi-Delco Electronic Systems, Kokomo, IN. / Availability Note: Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5301 Shawnee Road, Alexandria, VA, 22312, USA. / NTIS Prices: PC A08 / NTIS In-house Control Codes: umtri;12091,1101
报告类型：	科技报告