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Relationships between Lighting and Animal-Vehicle Collisions.
| 题名： | Relationships between Lighting and Animal-Vehicle Collisions. |
| 作者： | J. M. Sullivan; |
| 关键词： | vehicle animal collisions,visibility;lighting, collision avoidance, crash analysis, highway safety, roads, habitat; |
| 摘要： | In 1990, there were 106 traffic fatalities in the United States in crashes for which a collision with an animal was the first harmful event; by 2007 this level had risen to 223a 110%increase. Analyses of annual trends suggest that this increase cannot be fully explained by increases in vehicle miles travelled, nor by changes in the general fatal and nonfatal crash rates. Animal-vehicle collisions (AVCs) represent a small but increasing share of the overall crash picture. Daily and seasonal AVC crash trends were examined and appear to follow the activity patterns of the U.S. deer population. This involves peaks in the hourly crash levels around dawn and dusk, and a seasonal peak during October and November. AVC crash distributions are presented by state. The odds of an AVC in darkness were modeled as a function of posted speed limit in a series of logistic regressions. Higher posted speeds were associated with proportionally greater crash risk in darkness. The effect is observed for fatal collisions compiled from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), and for injury and property-damage-only (PDO) crashes compiled from Michigan crash datasets. One implication of the effect is that countermeasures designed to extend a drivers preview time for animals, such as headlighting and night-vision systems may help reduce the risk of AVCs. / Supplementary Notes: Sponsored by Industry Affiliation Program for Human Factors in Transportation Safety, Ann Arbor, MI. / Availability Note: Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5301 Shawnee Road, Alexandria, VA, 22312, USA. / NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A03 / NTIS In-house Control Codes: umtri;12111,1101 |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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