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原文传递 Estimating Behavioral Changes for Transportation Modes After Terrorist Attacks in London, Madrid and Tokyo.

题名：	Estimating Behavioral Changes for Transportation Modes After Terrorist Attacks in London, Madrid and Tokyo.
作者：	D. von Winterfeldt; F. Prager;
关键词：	human behavior,transportation modes;public transportation, risk perception, terrorism, attack, rapid transit systems, passengers, social psychology, economic impact, bombing, national security;london (england), madrid (spain), tokyo (japan)
摘要：	Why do individuals change their behavior after terrorist attacks. To what extent do changes in risk perception explain changes in travel behavior. This project aims to answer these questions by examining the three major attacks in recent history in public transit systems, the London bombings (July 2005), the Madrid bombings (March 11, 2004), and the Sarin Gas attacks in Tokyo (March 20, 1995). Each case is found to be unique. Reductions in passenger journeys on attacked transportation modes range from an average of 10 percent over 20 weeks in London to no significant change in Tokyo, while substitution to alternative modes also varies across cases. This variance is likely due to more than cultural difference, with primary attack characteristics, transportation system factors, and the social amplification of risk perceptions also playing a role. Such findings have important implications for policy makers and academics with an interest in transportation security and the behavioral and economic impacts of terrorist attacks. / Title Note: Final rept. / Supplementary Notes: Sponsored by Department of Transportation, Washington, DC. University Transportation Centers Program. and University of Southern California, Los Angeles. / Availability Note: Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5301 Shawnee Road, Alexandria, VA, 22312, USA. / NTIS Prices: PC A06/MF A06 / NTIS In-house Control Codes: dotour;12111,1001
报告类型：	科技报告