详情

原文传递 GASOLINE VEHICLE EXHAUST PARTICLE SAMPLING STUDY

题名：	GASOLINE VEHICLE EXHAUST PARTICLE SAMPLING STUDY
作者：	Burtscher, H;Baltensperger, U;Zarling, D Schauer,J Kasper, K;Johnson, J;Watts, W;Kittelson, D;
关键词：	02 PETROLEUM; 33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS; AEROSOLS; AIR QUALITY; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; DIESEL ENGINES; DILUTION; DYNAMOMETERS; GASOLINE; IGNITION; MIXTURES; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATES; PLUMES; SAMPLING; TESTING; VELOCITY
摘要：	The University of Minnesota collaborated with the Paul Scherrer Institute, the University of Wisconsin (UWI) and Ricardo, Inc to physically and chemically characterize the exhaust plume from recruited gasoline spark ignition (SI) vehicles. The project objectives were: (1) Measure representative particle size distributions from a set of on-road SI vehicles and compare these data to similar data collected on a small subset of light-duty gasoline vehicles tested on a chassis dynamometer with a dilution tunnel using the Unified Drive Cycle, at both room temperature (cold start) and 0 C (cold-cold start). (2) Compare data collected from SI vehicles to similar data collected from Diesel engines during the Coordinating Research Council E-43 project. (3) Characterize on-road aerosol during mixed midweek traffic and Sunday midday periods and determine fleet-specific emission rates. (4) Characterize bulk- and size-segregated chemical composition of the particulate matter (PM) emitted in the exhaust from the gasoline vehicles. Particle number concentrations and size distributions are strongly influenced by dilution and sampling conditions. Laboratory methods were evaluated to dilute SI exhaust in a way that would produce size distributions that were similar to those measured during laboratory experiments. Size fractionated samples were collected for chemical analysis using a nano-microorifice uniform deposit impactor (nano-MOUDI). In addition, bulk samples were collected and analyzed. A mixture of low, mid and high mileage vehicles were recruited for testing during the study. Under steady highway cruise conditions a significant particle signature above background was not measured, but during hard accelerations number size distributions for the test fleet were similar to modern heavy-duty Diesel vehicles. Number emissions were much higher at high speed and during cold-cold starts. Fuel specific number emissions range from 1012 to 3 x 1016 particles/kg fuel. A simple relationship between number and mass emissions was not observed. Data were collected on-road to compare weekday with weekend air quality around the Twin Cities area. This portion of the study resulted in the development of a method to apportion the Diesel and SI contribution to on-road aerosol.
报告类型：	科技报告