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原文传递 Lighting For Pedestrians: Essential Considerations For Complete Streets Planning And Design

题名：	Lighting For Pedestrians: Essential Considerations For Complete Streets Planning And Design
正文语种：	eng
作者：	FRANK MARKOWITZ;LENI SCHWENDINGER
作者单位：	;London School of Economics and Public Space Fellow (NYC)
摘要：	Lighting is also important for the after-dark pedestrian environment for reasons beyond traffic safety. Well-designed lighting can increase pedestrian security and comfort; reduce falls; enhance the sense of place, aesthetics, and information; and increase economic activity. "Smart lighting" can extend benefits beyond just illumination, providing environmental and safety monitoring, traveler information, and electrical service. The importance of lighting in complete streets planning and design has increased in recent years, mainly due to three factors. Pedestrian fatalities after dark have been increasing more rapidly than most other categories of traffic-related fatalities. Pedestrian fatalities on U.S. roads increased by 54 percent over the 2010-2020 decade, while other traffic fatalities increased by 13 percent. LED (light emitting diode) lighting and "smart lighting" are leading a revolutionary expansion in the ways outdoor lighting can be controlled and used more effectively. At the same time, outdoor lighting and its potential adverse impacts have increasingly received attention from a broad range of professional and advocacy organizations. Well-designed lighting, one of the "proven pedestrian safety countermeasures" identified by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), should be considered as part of a Safe System Approach, along with critical speed control countermeasures. Not only are pedestrian fatalities more likely in darkness than in daylight, but the odds of a pedestrian fatality having occurred in darkness as compared to daylight is 2.4 times higher if the fatality occurred on a 40+ mile per hour (mph) (64.4 kilometers per hour [km/r]) road than a 25 mph (40.2 km/hr) road. Fatalities were further overrepresented in unlit locations after dark, which may be caused partly by vehicle speed differentials between urban (lit) and rural (unlit) locations, besides the illumination differences.
出版年：	2023
期刊名称：	ITE journal
卷：	93
期：	9
页码：	24-29