摘要: |
A detailed analysis has been carried out to determine the risk for each of the concept pipeline designs produced by Intec, 1999; 2000. Risk (which is the product of the event probabilities and event consequences) was defined in terms of the volume of oil expected to be released over the 20-year life of the Liberty Pipeline. The study investigated and quantified the following: (a) the hazards for the pipeline. The hazards investigated included ice gouging, strudel scour, permafrost thaw subsidence, thermal loads leading to upheaval buckling, corrosion, operational failures, and third party activities; (b) the response of the pipeline to these hazards; and (c) the consequences of pipeline failure for each hazard, taking into account the monitoring systems that will be used. Consequences were evaluated for three types of pipeline failure: (1) rupture, (2) flow through the maximum stable crack, and (3) flow through pinholes (termed seepage). |