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原文传递 Attention-Situation Awareness (A-SA) Model of Pilot Error.

题名：	Attention-Situation Awareness (A-SA) Model of Pilot Error.
作者：	wickens, c. d. mccarley, j. s.
关键词：	decision making, navigation, airport surface
摘要：	The A-SA model described predicts time and scenario variance in situation awareness (SA) within a particular dynamic situation specified by the analyst. In the current application, this situation is 'where am I with regard to navigational decisions I must make on the airport surface'. Because values and risks are not involved in those decisions, it is assumed in this application, that good situation awareness will always lead to appropriate (non-error) behavior. The model in this application is designed to generate a value of SA that ranges from 1 (perfect) to 0 (absent). As such it is a unipolar prediction. This is distinct from a model of situation awareness in hypothesis testing (e.g., discriminating clear vs. bad weather, normal versus abnormal engine operation), which may be described as 'bipolar'. Our model can easily accommodate the latter (bipolar) situation. Because situation awareness is a perceptual/cognitive phenomenon, the model includes elements of these processes related to attention capture, event relevance, memory decay and cognitive load. The model does not explicitly incorporate action-related phenomenon. However it assumes that to the extent that SA is degraded, certain pre-existing response tendencies (e.g., guessing), will dominate the selection of action, and these will be the source of error. The model distinguishes between fundamental properties of the architecture, which will exist across all applications, and scenario-specific inputs provided by the analyst for a specific approach. Finally, at this time, the model does not incorporate a metacognitive component, whereby a state of low SA triggers an explicit search for information. / NOTE: Final technical rept. / Supplementary Notes: See also report dated Jan 05, PB2007-105494. Sponsored by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA. Ames Research Center. / Availability Note: Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
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