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In Vehicle Displays and Control Task Interference: The Effects of Display Location and Modality.
| 题名： | In Vehicle Displays and Control Task Interference: The Effects of Display Location and Modality. |
| 作者： | wickens, c. d. dixon, s. seppelt, b. |
| 关键词： | visual attention, tracking, diversions, proposed solutions, display location, modality |
| 摘要： | In-vehicle displays, whether in aircraft or in ground vehicles, can often divert visual attention away from critical information for vehicle path monitoring and control (i.e., tracking). This experiment compares two proposed solutions to this attention competition: (1) changing the location of the display, by moving it closer to the locus of tracking information, ultimately to a superimposed head up (HUD) position, and (2) changing the modality of presentation from visual to auditory. Twenty-four participants performed a 2 axis first order compensatory tracking task, while a simulated in-vehicle task of encoding and vocally responding to digit strings of various lengths was presented at unpredictable times. The digit side task could be presented at a HUD location, at any of 4 separations to the right of the tracking task, ranging from adjacent (7.5 degrees) to 45 degrees of visual angle, at any of two locations below the tracking task, or through the auditory modality. The results revealed that: (1) auditory delivery of side task information 'preempted' the tracking task, to the advantage of the side task, but at the cost of tracking performance; (2) spatial overlay (HUD) decreased the readability of the side task, with a small cost to tracking; (3) spatial separation at small visual angles had costs to both detecting the side task onset and tracking error. These costs were greater when displacement was downward than when it was leftward; and (4) greater eccentricity displacements delayed the initiation and completion of the side task response and, in particular, increased tracking error while the digit string responses were vocalized. Side task load varied by digit string length and generally had additive effects with display location. Measures of tracking control activity were employed to diagnose the nature of the interfering effects. The results are interpreted in terms of their relevance to single channel theory, multiple resource theory, task switching theory, and theories of visual attention allocation. / NOTE: Technical rept. / Supplementary Notes: Sponsored by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA. Ames Research Center. and General Motors Corp., Warren, MI. / Availability Note: Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA. |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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