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原文传递 Tale of Three Regions: Influence of Highway Investments on Population and Traffic Growth in Virginia.

题名：	Tale of Three Regions: Influence of Highway Investments on Population and Traffic Growth in Virginia.
作者：	ELLINGTON, D. B.; HOEL, L. A.; MILLER, J. S.
关键词：	HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION; INVESTMENTS; TRANSPORTATION PLANNING; VIRGINIA
摘要：	To what extent may highway investments shape population growth and land development. To answer this question, three decades of data were examined in the Virginia locations of Fairfax County, Spotsylvania County, and Newport News. In each location, a highway investment was proposed by some as an instrument for increasing, shaping, or decreasing population or development growth. The case study approach was used, considering Fairfax County's decision not to build Monticello and other freeways proposed in 1960s comprehensive plans, Spotsylvania's efforts to manage Route 3 traffic congestion, and Newport News' desire for the construction of I-664. By comparing what planners intended these transportation decisions to accomplish with what transpired, the adequacy of using highway investments to manage influence growth may be assessed. The results suggest that in many ways, transportation investments are a blunt policy instrument. They can and do affect short-term travel and longer term location choices, but it is difficult to use investments to manage growth precisely. In fact, in none of the three case studies were all planners' intentions realized: when planned roads were not built in order to stop growth, growth continued, and when roads were built to encourage development or redevelopment in a specific location, growth occurred elsewhere. Yet, the three case studies suggest several findings that, if applied to planning practice, can yield future plans that are more realistic: (1) view transportation improvements in a supply/demand context; (2) quantify expected impacts where possible; (3) give transportation plans a realistic implementation mechanism; and (4) present forecasts as ranges rather than point values.
报告类型：	科技报告