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Monetary Cost of a Modal Shift.
| 题名： | Monetary Cost of a Modal Shift. |
| 关键词： | AIR TRANPORTATION; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; LAND TRANSPORTATION; MODAL ANALYSIS; MODAL SHIFTS; WATERWAY TRANSPORTATION |
| 摘要： | The primary purpose of this report is to place an economic dollar value on the environmental impacts of shifting products from the waterway mode to a land mode. Since the original study, entitled Environmental Impact of a Modal Shift, was completed in 1991, two of the three modal shift examples discussed have taken place. This study also looks at what caused the modal shifts to take place and discusses their merits. The study compares the fuel cost efficiency of the water mode to land modes and the air emission results of burning additional fuel to move the same product tonnage. This study does not discuss freight rate variations between the modes as the focus is on environmental impact cost. Where comparable, waterborne transportation has an environmental cost impact of one fifth that of rail and one tenth that of truck. The study also discusses accident rates on a per ton mile basis, but no dollar figures are available for comparison purposes at this time. |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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