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Ballast Water Exchange: Exploring the Feasibility of Alternate Ballast Water Exchange Zones in the North Atlantic. Report from a Workshop held October 27-28, 2003 in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
| 题名： | Ballast Water Exchange: Exploring the Feasibility of Alternate Ballast Water Exchange Zones in the North Atlantic. Report from a Workshop held October 27-28, 2003 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. |
| 作者： | PEDERSON, J. |
| 关键词： | ATLANTIC OCEAN; WATER TREATMENT |
| 摘要： | Ballast water is a major vector for introducing marine and freshwater bioinvasions. Although the problem was eloquently identified by Charles Elton in his 1958 book, The Ecology of Invasions by Plants and Animals, it gained national and international importance with the introduction of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) into the Great Lakes. Several actions were taken to reduce or prevent ballast water invasions. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) recommended that vessels have ballast water management plans, and, in 1993, provided guidance on ballast water management and a reporting form for monitoring ballast water exchange and treatment. The current Treaty, adopted by the IMO in July 2004, strengthens the voluntary guidelines (see Appendix I). The U.S. Congress passed the Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act in 1990 and the National Invasive Species Act of 1996 that empowered the U.S. Coast Guard to enforce mandatory reporting and mandatory ballast water exchange for vessels entering the Great Lakes and Hudson River. Similarly, in 2001 the Canadian Ballast Water Guidelines were adopted to address this issue, following on earlier actions that were taken to prevent, reduce, or minimize introductions from ballast water. |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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