摘要: |
Currently, only four manufacturers account for most of the transit bus production in the United States. Nevertheless, buses represent the largest single mode of public transportation. In order to investigate the viability of the U.S. transit bus manufacturing market, this study examined a variety of reference sources on the topic and conducted surveys and interviews with representative transit agencies and bus manufacturers. A general consensus emerged from the study that the viability of the U.S. bus manufacturing industry is at risk. Increasingly, the ability of bus manufacturers to meet the demands of public bus transit has diminished. Research related to the needs of transit agencies, with respect to non-rail vehicles, demonstrated that a variety of factors influence the purchasing decisions of transit agencies, including fleet size, vehicle age, service needs, and financial capacity. Vehicle types and sizes that are critical for current and future operations of transit agencies reflect each agency's operating environments, including service area climate, population size, and community needs. In addition, new technology that addresses fuel economy and environmental requirements is also considered an important factor for driving purchasing decisions, particularly decisions made by large transit agencies. The inter-related issues of maintenance, technical training, implementation of new technology/alternative fuel sources, as well as budgetary constraints, pose challenges for transit agencies. The diversified needs and challenges of the transit agencies, in turn, have gravely impacted the bus manufacturers and their ability to meet the market demands. |