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Instrument Flying Handbook.
| 题名： | Instrument Flying Handbook. |
| 关键词： | *Instrument-flying; *Instrument-flight-rules; *Electronic-navigation-systems.;Pilots-; Instrument-rating. |
| 摘要： | Is an Instrument Rating Necessary. The answer to this question depends entirely upon individual needs. Pilots may not need an instrument rating if they fly in familiar uncongested areas, stay continually alert to weather developments, and accept an alternative to their original plan. However, some cross-country destinations may take a pilot to unfamiliar airports and/or through high activity areas in marginal visual or instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). Under these conditions, an instrument rating may be an alternative to rerouting, rescheduling, or canceling a flight. Many accidents are the result of pilots who lack the necessary skills or equipment to fly in marginal visual meteorological conditions (VMC) or IMC and attempt flight without outside references. Pilots originally flew aircraft strictly by sight, sound, and feel while comparing the aircrafts attitude to the natural horizon. As aircraft performance increased, pilots required more inflight information to enhance the safe operation of their aircraft. This information has ranged from a string tied to a wing strut, to development of sophisticated electronic flight information systems (EFIS) and flight management systems (FMS). Interpretation of the instruments and aircraft control have advanced from the one, two, three or needle, ball, and airspeed system to the use of attitude instrument flying techniques. Navigation began by using ground references with dead reckoning and has led to the development of electronic navigation systems. These include the automatic direction finder (ADF), very-high frequency omnidirectional range (VOR), distance measuring equipment (DME), tactical air navigation (TACAN), long range navigation (LORAN), global positioning system (GPS), instrument landing system (ILS), microwave landing system (MLS), and inertial navigation system (INS). |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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