摘要: |
Until fairly recently, the basic composition of portland cement remained essentially unchanged. In the 1950s, UC Berkeley Professor Alexander Klein studied the mineral ye'elimite, which is used to make calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement, to see if it could be used to reduce the shrinkage that causes portland cement concrete to deteriorate from cracking. He was correct. Adding water to CSA creates ettringite, a needle-like crystal that gives slightly expansive properties to the cement paste. While CSA-containing cement can be blended with portland cement to make rapid-setting concrete, the portland cement portion of the mix increases its carbon footprint in addition to compromising sulfate resistance and shrinkage. There's also no classification system like ASTM C150 (Standard Specification for Portland Cement) for CSA-portland cement blends. |